軸承磨床(chuang)精度對(dui)加(jia)工有哪(na)些影響？

1、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝系統問(wen)題對(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)的影響(xiang)(xiang)在零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝系統是影響(xiang)(xiang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)的重要因素(su)，一旦其出現問(wen)題，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)也會(hui)有所降低。首先是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝問(wen)題，如果(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝應用不合理或者(zhe)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程產生的熱量對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝造成影響(xiang)(xiang)，都會(hui)使得加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝存在偏差，進(jin)而(er)導致(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)誤差。除此(ci)之外，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)殘余(yu)應力(li)也有可(ke)能使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)發生變形，致(zhi)使其出現精(jing)度(du)誤差。

軸承磨床加工精度

2、砂輪主(zhu)軸的(de)回轉精(jing)度 它是指砂輪主(zhu)軸端(duan)的(de)徑(jing)向圓跳動(dong)(dong)和(he)軸向竄(cuan)動(dong)(dong)。通常磨床砂輪主(zhu)軸的(de)徑(jing)向圓跳動(dong)(dong)、軸向竄(cuan)動(dong)(dong)公差為(wei)0.003 mm。砂輪主(zhu)軸是帶動(dong)(dong)砂輪高速旋轉以完成(cheng)磨削的(de)主(zhu)運動(dong)(dong)。因此砂輪主(zhu)軸的(de)回轉精(jing)度可(ke)直接影響工件的(de)表面粗糙(cao)度。

3、頭(tou)架(jia)主(zhu)軸的回轉精度頭(tou)架(jia)主(zhu)軸用(yong)來帶動工件作圓(yuan)周進(jin)給成形運動，因此在(zai)磨(mo)床(chuang)上(shang)其回轉運動的誤差將反(fan)映在(zai)加(jia)工表(biao)面上(shang)。磨(mo)床(chuang)夾架(jia)主(zhu)軸的徑向圓(yuan)跳動會使(shi)加(jia)工表(biao)面產(chan)生(sheng)圓(yuan)度誤差。頭(tou)架(jia)主(zhu)軸竄動會使(shi)工件表(biao)面產(chan)生(sheng)軸向圓(yuan)跳動誤差。

4、工(gong)(gong)作臺的(de)(de)直線(xian)運動精度會對加工(gong)(gong)精度造成(cheng)直接影響，因其在(zai)垂直平面內(nei)的(de)(de)直線(xian)度誤差，會在(zai)磨床上表現為工(gong)(gong)件中心8度的(de)(de)變化(hua)，而引起工(gong)(gong)直徑的(de)(de)變化(hua)，影響工(gong)(gong)件表面素(su)線(xian)的(de)(de)直線(xian)度，同時也會產生工(gong)(gong)件圓柱度誤差。

5、磨床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)磨床(chuang)在工作過程中，由于(yu)受內、外熱(re)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，其零部(bu)(bu)件會產生(sheng)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)。磨床(chuang)產生(sheng)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)來源(yuan)：在磨床(chuang)內部(bu)(bu)有(you)磨削熱(re)、導軌、傳動(dong)軸、軸承(cheng)等處的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦熱(re)，液壓(ya)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)以(yi)及電動(dong)機產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)；在磨床(chuang)外部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)源(yuan)有(you)空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)對流(liu)、日(ri)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)輻射(she)。由于(yu)磨床(chuang)各部(bu)(bu)分受熱(re)不均勻，磨床(chuang)各部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度就高低不一，造(zao)成(cheng)各部(bu)(bu)分不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)。

提高加工精度的策略

提高機加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度，需對(dui)產(chan)生(sheng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差的各項原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)誤(wu)差進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析，根據不(bu)同情況(kuang)對(dui)造成加(jia)(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差的主要原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)誤(wu)差采(cai)取(qu)相應的解決措(cuo)施。

磨床加工精度

1、控(kong)制數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)的(de)原(yuan)始誤差(cha)來提高加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)，可以(yi)從提高加(jia)工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)所使用機床(chuang)的(de)幾(ji)何精(jing)度(du)，提高量具(ju)、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)和夾具(ju)本身(shen)精(jing)度(du)，控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)藝系統受熱、受力變形而造成的(de)誤差(cha)，盡(jin)可能減少(shao)刀(dao)具(ju)磨損、內應(ying)力引起的(de)變形誤差(cha)和減小測(ce)量誤差(cha)等都可直接減少(shao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)原(yuan)始的(de)誤差(cha)。

2、原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差補償法(fa)：原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差大多數是很(hen)難全(quan)部消除掉的，所以原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差補償可(ke)以在這里進行處理，該方案是由人為失(shi)誤(wu)而(er)產生新的原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差，從而(er)補償原(yuan)(yuan)來工(gong)藝系統中固(gu)有的原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差，達到減(jian)少加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差，提高設備加(jia)工(gong)精度(du)的目的。

3、轉移誤(wu)差，顧名思義，轉移誤(wu)差的意義就是將(jiang)加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差進行轉移，轉移誤(wu)差至其他對(dui)(dui)加(jia)工(gong)精度無影響的方面(mian)，一(yi)般，設備出現加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差、受理受熱變形誤(wu)差時，若使其轉移到(dao)加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差的非敏感(gan)方向(xiang)，可(ke)較大(da)程(cheng)度上提高(gao)加(jia)工(gong)精度，且不會對(dui)(dui)設備精度造成(cheng)影響。

如今，機械(xie)零部件(jian)(jian)加工精度要求與標準在(zai)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)。但在(zai)一些(xie)工件(jian)(jian)加工過程中，總是存在(zai)一些(xie)影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)(qi)精度的因素，不(bu)能對其(qi)(qi)進行合理控(kong)制(zhi)的話(hua)，將會(hui)導致加工質(zhi)量(liang)難以(yi)保障，對機械(xie)設備(bei)的質(zhi)量(liang)及安全性等(deng)產生影(ying)響(xiang)。

本文(wen)以軸承磨(mo)(mo)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)為主題(ti)，介(jie)紹軸承磨(mo)(mo)床精(jing)度(du)(du)對(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)有哪些(xie)影響和提高(gao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的策略，我們知(zhi)道到磨(mo)(mo)削的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)要求很(hen)高(gao)，影響加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的因(yin)素(su)很(hen)多，在各種(zhong)因(yin)素(su)中(zhong)磨(mo)(mo)床精(jing)度(du)(du)是重要的可知(zhi)因(yin)素(su)。此(ci)外，還(huan)了解到加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)生誤差是不可避免的，需對(dui)產(chan)生加(jia)工(gong)(gong)誤差的各項原(yuan)(yuan)始誤差進(jin)行分析，根據不同情況對(dui)造成加(jia)工(gong)(gong)誤差的主要原(yuan)(yuan)始誤差采取相應的解決措施(shi)。